| I have to agree with what Larry said, since we live in the same region. I don't cover the pond in the winter, nor do I heat - maybe after I win the lottery but not now. Everything remains running and I do water changes all winter long, not as often as I do during spring and summer, but at least once a week. We are lucky to live in a relatively temperate zone and I seldom have ice on the pond, although occasionally I will see ice on the waterfall for a very short time. My koi only had problems the first spring I lived here, and I think that was more owner stupidity than anything else. Knock on wood, my koi have come out of every winter since fat and healthy.
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Lynda
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