| Luke, if you want to move a lot of water and exchange a lot of oxygen with little amp draw, look into paddlewheels. There has been a lot of aerator engineering and testing for both sewage treatment and auaculture. Here is a quick summary from some of Claude Boyd's work at Auburn: AERATOR TYPE KG OXYGEN TRANSFERRED PER KW HR -------------- ------------------------------------- paddlewheel .................................................. ........ 2.2 propeller-aspirator (e.g. Air-O-2) ............................... 1.6 vertical pump (what you found at Memphis N&T) .......... 1.4 pump sprayer (shoots water in the air) ....................... 1.3 diffuser (air stones, diffuser plates, etc) ..................... 0.9 Akai, a popular set-up is: bottom drain -to- vortex settlement vortext -to- pump -to- kaldness moving bed biofilter kaldness -to- bead filter for fine solids removal -to- pond return or kaldness -to- TT for gas exchange -to- pond return I have low fish density and am cheap, so I use: bottom drain -to- settlement chamber settlement -to- pump -to- TT TT -to- pond return Has only about 4 feet of total dynamic head. Why are you stopping at 4.5 feet deep? That's about what I have, but I wish I could go to 6-7 feet. You could get half-again as much volume in the same footprint. Of course, your site may have some logistical or engineering constraint to going deeper. steve hopkins |