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That's true Larry. The only very bad gene I'm aware of in carp/koi is a lethal gene associated with certain wagoi/doitsu crosses. The normal 25% genetic phenotype expected doesn't happen cause the fry die!
As we've discussed on this board and over on NI many times, there is a rich background of outcrossing in koi- german carp, magoi, regional pools, local feral colored carp etc.
The famous Ichthyologist Eugene Bolan did some fabulous work on the tracking of gene pools in carp from their home waters in the Caspian sea to Europe and China in subsequent centuries. In that study, he used the Roman army and local 'fish farming' as both vectors and artifical 'isolators' of carp genetic material. Very interesting piece.
JR
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