| Air diffusers on bottom drains ...
Drain air diffusers contribute very little to water oxygenation, that is not their purpose. What they do is destratify the water column layers (unless like someone posted you have low TPRs pointing up and doing this function), but more importantly, the water lifted by the air, moves to the pond sides, then down the pond walls, thus wiping down any debris hanging onto the wall algae.
When bottom drain air diffusers are on, to some extent the modified water flow disrupts the water circulation that is so important in creating that toilet bowl effect. Therefore, although effective for cleaning the side walls, air diffusers are counterproductive if on all of the time.
I recommend using bottom drain air diffusers only 4-6 hours per day (I do it on a timer when I am not likely to be around watching the fish), leaving the TPR induced circulation most esffective 18-20 hours a day.
For their given role, bottom air diffusers must lift a lot of water, you should see a water bubble at least 1" high above the pond water level.
The koi really do not mind that, mine actually "play" in the air bubble column.
I hope this is helpful.
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Arthur
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