| Handling is stressfull, and will tend to strip the slime coat. Wear gloves and work on moist bubble-wrap. Have everything you need at hand including a helper. Don't answer the phone (grin). Anesthetize the fish and work quickly. Have a fresh tub of aerated water ready for recovery from anesthesia.
The basic approach is to thoroughly clean the affected area and remove any diseased tissue (debride the wound). This includes removing any damaged scales, since secondary infections often take hold in such hidden areas. Obviously a fresh injury while require a much less aggressive approach than an ulcer, or saprolegnia infection. A chemical agent can be used during this step as a cauterizing agent: potassium ppermanganate and hydrogen peroxide are both effective but harsh, and will also kill healthy tissue. Povidone (betadine) is a bit milder but not as effective. The wound can then be treated with an antimicrobial agent, like antibiotic ointment or Tricide/Neocide powder. The final step is sealing the wound - powdered dental adhesive works nicely.
Cotton swabs or foam spears can be used to control application of cauterizing agents. Make sure you do not get them in eyes, gills, mouth etc.
Chemical agents should not be used more than once, since they will damage any newly healing tissue, but antimicrobial treatments like Antibiotic ointment, Biobandage or Tricide could be re-applied.
In general, the best approach is to treat once agressively and then leave the fish alone in highly oxygenated, lightly salted (0.15%) water that is warmed to around 70 degreesF with perfect and stable WQ. (Fix a mirror to the underside of the tank.)
The hardest thing to do is wait for the injury to heal. If you see increased area of redness, there is an infection, but healing tissue starts as a thin white film. Antibiotic injections require multiple handling - and you always have to balance risk with benefit and work within your own abilities/experience. If the koi started out strong, with a healthy immune system, less tinkering is best. If it was weak and stressed, more handling could push it over the edge. Find a mentor you trust.
(If the damage is secondary to parasites, then those must also be addressed.)
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Lynne in St. Louis
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