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It is amazing that something you might think is so straight forward is actually quite complicated.
Sun or any light discussed in this context requires a discussion of what 'light' is to begin with. Aqui you will know this, and so will Mike M and Mitch but I'm not sure about the rest? So forgive me if this is not of interest-
Light comes in both intensity and spectrum. Intensity is what it implies- how strong/bright the light is as it hits the fish's skin. Spectrum is what range of light is hitting the fish- what is the color spectrum of benefit and harm.
And if one is missing and the other is extreme , living cells can be negatively effected or positively effected.
So unlike fish tanks or 'nature', we need to first consider the pond depth and turbidity issues in the water column. In a deep pond, light is cut dramatically at three feet. So one neighbor might observe premature againg in the koi's skin, burns and washed out colors and the other neighbor with a 6 foot deep pond may have no such problems.
The same is true with water clarity. In truth, koi water should not be too too clear- as in 'chlorine treated white' water clear. This is very bad for the koi's skin especially if you now add in shallow depth and strong sun. Ironically, these puddle type ponds that are murky and green may be safer in this reagrd than a PP'd to death puddle that exposes the fish to constant sun at shallow depth.
So we need to consider pond design when we talk about light effects- both good and bad. Then we can talk about intensity and exposure time with a small 'e' in the effect on koi.
Spectrum- this would be when the sun hits one's pond. Meaning at what time of day? is it only morning sun? ( the absolute best) or mid day ( bad and only good in ponds at or over 4 feet deep) or late in the afternoon ( also very good)
Finally, indoor koi keeping does carry the risk of declining color ( especially beni) depending on age of fish and quality of the fish. This is because as skin gets deeper and wider, the lights ability to penetrate to the color cells developing in the deep dermis is greatly reduced. Color cells are quite delicate. There is also the issue of vitamin conversion/ assimilation and algae growth and its role in maintaining algae indoors as the fish can't just be fed color food they must be able to absorb and convert and this requires light, but that is another subject.
JR
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