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You'll get some debate as to what qualifies as an 'open system' and what is only 'semi-open'. From a practical perspective, a semi-open system is perhaps achievable for you. First, you set up a constant in-flow of fresh water. This means you must have automatic systems in place for de-chlorination and otherwise getting the fresh water in proper condition for the koi. Then, you need an 'overflow' or outfall that lets water continuously exit the pond. Disposal of the constant flow can be an issue depending on your site.
While the idea of constant fresh water seems ideal, you actually have to be very careful. For most people, raw dechlorinated water is not the best water. The Japanese refer to well-conditioned water as 'mellow water'... I hope JR comes along to add his thoughts. He can be downright poetic talking about mellow water. .... It is difficult to suggest an optimal in-flow rate, because it depends on the nature/characteristics of your source water. Most folks seem to suggest that 10% to 20% per day is good. I am not aware of anyone whose source water is so good that they would do 100% per day. I guess perfect source water would let you move to a true open system.... say 100% of pond capacity every couple of hours??? ... not very practical. But, in even a slow moving natural stream, there is a 100% change every few minutes. That's truly 'open', and highlights the challenge we koikeepers have in providing for our fish.
JR: Are you around to help out?
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