| I havent had the chance to visit for a while, so sorry about the late post to your question.
First off, find someone that knows what they are doing. Not just someone that says they know how. Get references. Secondly, if you are building a dam, it has to be constructed carefully and properly, otherwise you will have problems, especially in hilly areas with rain. Seen too many dams not built correctly slide away with a wall of water behind them. Last one was about 4 miles from here, took 2 houses and a barn with it. Awsome to see a 15 foot tall dam slide down hill 30 feet.
Now, as to the actual construction, you can use liners if you want. BUt liners will float if the ground water level is high, so it needs to be raised in those areas. Also, if you have deer, dogs, or other animals, the first 6-10 feet around the sides that are under water need to be covered by at least a foot of soil, preferably compacted to protect the lining.
If you use clay, have the clay tested. In my area, there are good deposits of pure clay that will roll down and make a good lining. Problem is that many think they have the good clay, because the soil is red, but it has some stone deposits in it, which makes the clay worthless for a pond. In our area they recomend 4 feet on the bottom vibratory packed, with 2-3 feet on the sides.
One method I also use is a layer of sodium bentonite clay. In the pond below, we are using 75 tons spread out over the bottom, then covering it up with 18-24 inches of native soil. This will also be sheepsfooted in 6 inch layers.
This pond had been built by "prefessional" pond builders twice. The dam was way too steep, a 1-1 slope, and it had massive cracks lengthwise that were 7-8 feet deep. WE had to rebuild the dam and made the pond larger and deeper.
This is what it looks like right now. The clay will be in on monday, the pond will be ready for water by wednesday.
Ill post the photos as soon as I get them resized.
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